回轉窯焚燒爐垃圾處理系統
工藝包(bao)含廢物預處(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、焚燒系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、煙(yan)氣(qi)處(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等幾(ji)個(ge)部(bu)分。其中,廢物預處(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)括廢物的(de)預處(chu)理(li)和進料工序;焚燒系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由回轉(zhuan)窯和二燃室、出(chu)渣及(ji)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)(zu)成;煙(yan)氣(qi)處(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由余熱回收、急冷和除塵設備、酸性氣(qi)體吸(xi)收組(zu)(zu)成。
回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)焚(fen)燒(shao)爐指的(de)是(shi)本(ben)體內增設襯爐的(de)焚(fen)燒(shao)爐,其中(zhong),本(ben)體材(cai)質為(wei)鋼板,本(ben)體形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)圓(yuan)筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang),襯爐具有(you)良好的(de)耐火效果。它主要有(you)三種(zhong)形式,第(di)一種(zhong)即熔融(rong)爐和非熔融(rong)爐,前者(zhe)焚(fen)燒(shao)溫度在1250℃左(zuo)右,它支持高(gao)分(fen)子化合物(wu)(wu)、有(you)機物(wu)(wu)在同一時間進行(xing)處理,后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)燃燒(shao)溫度在1105℃左(zuo)右;第(di)二種(zhong)按照(zhao)氣、固體在回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)動的(de)方(fang)向(xiang),分(fen)為(wei)順流(liu)(liu)(liu)爐和逆流(liu)(liu)(liu)爐,前者(zhe)指的(de)是(shi)氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)廢物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動方(fang)向(xiang)一致,后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)指的(de)是(shi)氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)廢物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動方(fang)向(xiang)相反,利(li)用廢棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)溫度差異顯著,能(neng)在短時間內完成(cheng)水分(fen)蒸發;第(di)三種(zhong)是(shi)帶耐火材(cai)料或非耐火材(cai)料的(de)回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)焚(fen)燒(shao)爐。
回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)焚燒爐(lu)具有廣泛的(de)材料適(shi)用性,可(ke)同(tong)時處理固體(ti)(ti)、液體(ti)(ti)和(he)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)危險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)。回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)是一個(ge)中空的(de)鋼瓶,有輕(qing)微(wei)傾斜的(de)內襯和(he)耐火(huo)磚(zhuan),通(tong)常(chang)很長(chang)。經過預處理和(he)兼容性的(de)各類(lei)危險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)通(tong)過不同(tong)喂養方式進入燃燒系統,在自身重力(li)和(he)回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)的(de)連續旋轉(zhuan),浪費(fei)的(de)推動力(li)下(xia)爐(lu)體(ti)(ti)翻(fan)轉(zhuan)和(he)助(zhu)燃空氣(qi)充分(fen)接觸,完成干燥(水蒸發)、氣(qi)化和(he)燃燒過程,最后殘留的(de)預熱器成渣,渣通(tong)過水封(feng)機連續放電(dian)。
回轉窯焚燒爐應用優勢及系統組成:
回(hui)轉窯焚(fen)燒爐在回(hui)轉作(zuo)用的(de)影響下高(gao)效攪動廢料,它(ta)能根據危險廢物變化情況提供(gong)相應的(de)燃燒操作(zuo),同時(shi),它(ta)能起到良好(hao)的(de)隔熱效果,支持長時(shi)間停留,最(zui)終實現理想(xiang)的(de)焚(fen)燒目標(biao)。
主要(yao)包括空氣(qi)供給系統、回轉窯(yao)、輔助燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒系統、二燃(ran)(ran)(ran)室、余熱鍋爐、煙(yan)氣(qi)凈化系統、除渣(zha)裝(zhuang)置等,其中,回轉窯(yao)的(de)(de)制作材料主要(yao)為(wei)耐(nai)火性良好的(de)(de)鋼板卷,其簡體保持一(yi)定(ding)斜度(du)與(yu)水平(ping)線,并合理定(ding)位于支撐(cheng)裝(zhuang)置。受回轉作用(yong)影響,各類(lei)廢物(wu)能夠均勻摻雜,逐步析出(chu)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)盡。回轉窯(yao)適宜(yi)溫度(du)在840~910℃,主要(yao)由燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒器進(jin)行溫度(du)調節,常見燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料類(lei)型主要(yao)有兩種(zhong)(zhong),第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)即(ji)氣(qi)體燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料,第(di)二種(zhong)(zhong)即(ji)液體燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料。
回轉(zhuan)窯焚燒(shao)(shao)爐進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要包括固(gu)體(ti)和(he)半固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝置及廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。(1)固(gu)體(ti)和(he)半固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝置破碎后的(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)存儲(chu)在料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)坑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),由抓斗送(song)(song)至回轉(zhuan)窯。進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)形式有(you)推桿進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、溜槽(cao)(cao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)螺旋(xuan)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。工程(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)證明,溜槽(cao)(cao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可以(yi)防止回火、堵塞(sai),且能(neng)夠防止廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)在進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)粘(zhan)結、結焦(jiao)。(2)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要由廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)過濾(lv)(lv)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)霧(wu)化(hua)噴入系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及有(you)關的(de)控制、維護等輔助(zhu)設(she)備組成。在廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)送(song)(song)入噴嘴(zui)前必須經過預處理,去(qu)除廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)固(gu)體(ti)雜(za)質,以(yi)便(bian)于泵的(de)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)和(he)噴嘴(zui)的(de)霧(wu)化(hua)。由于危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)處置接受的(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)源較(jiao)為廣泛,種類(lei)極為復(fu)雜(za),多(duo)為廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)礦物(wu)油、有(you)機溶劑和(he)乳化(hua)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)。該類(lei)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大多(duo)含(han)有(you)顆粒物(wu)質,因(yin)此必須對(dui)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行過濾(lv)(lv),除去(qu)雜(za)質,使其所含(han)固(gu)體(ti)粒徑降低(di)至合(he)適水平以(yi)下(xia)。有(you)些(xie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)黏度(du)較(jiao)高,還需在罐(guan)區設(she)置伴(ban)熱(re)保溫措施,以(yi)保證廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)在輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堵塞(sai)。在設(she)備調試過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)確(que)定伴(ban)熱(re)溫度(du),如果伴(ban)熱(re)溫度(du)過高,廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)某些(xie)沸點低(di)的(de)組分就會揮發出來(lai),形成氣液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩相流,對(dui)下(xia)游(you)的(de)焚燒(shao)(shao)設(she)備及輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)產(chan)生(sheng)危(wei)害。
回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)在這一過程中(zhong),工作人員通過調節(jie)窯(yao)體(ti)的(de)傾斜角度(du)(du)和傳送(song)速(su)度(du)(du)來控制固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)棄(qi)物在窯(yao)內的(de)具體(ti)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),以及廢(fei)棄(qi)物產物與空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)混合(he)程度(du)(du)。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)增加了(le)(le)一個裂解爐(lu)(lu)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)入(ru)口(kou)。裂解爐(lu)(lu)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)入(ru)口(kou)安(an)裝(zhuang)在下(xia)筒(tong)體(ti),安(an)裝(zhuang)高度(du)(du)與回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)窯(yao)尾入(ru)口(kou)齊平,從平面上看,與回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)窯(yao)尾入(ru)口(kou)成垂直方向。這樣(yang)既(ji)可處理(li)回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)焚燒(shao)(shao)的(de)高溫(wen)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi),也可處理(li)裂解爐(lu)(lu)焚燒(shao)(shao)的(de)高溫(wen)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)可同(tong)時(shi)(shi)應用于兩(liang)個焚燒(shao)(shao)系統(tong),節(jie)約了(le)(le)設(she)(she)備成本和運(yun)行成本。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)筒(tong)體(ti)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)有縮(suo)口(kou),能(neng)使(shi)回(hui)(hui)轉窯(yao)和裂解爐(lu)(lu)的(de)兩(liang)種(zhong)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)混合(he)均(jun)(jun)勻。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)有余熱二(er)(er)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)供風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管路,二(er)(er)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)對(dui)(dui)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)進行擾(rao)動,從而延長(chang)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)進行補氧。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)分析。分析結果表明,通過增加縮(suo)口(kou)和二(er)(er)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)擾(rao)動,上部(bu)(bu)(bu)筒(tong)體(ti)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)速(su)度(du)(du)較低,延長(chang)了(le)(le)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian);上部(bu)(bu)(bu)筒(tong)體(ti)內的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)分布比較均(jun)(jun)勻,避(bi)免了(le)(le)出現局部(bu)(bu)(bu)過熱的(de)情況(kuang)。二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)底部(bu)(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)有風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)排(pai)(pai)(pai)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),可及時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)排(pai)(pai)(pai)出,防止(zhi)積灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也能(neng)對(dui)(dui)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室(shi)(shi)進行補氧。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)排(pai)(pai)(pai)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分組成,上部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)一排(pai)(pai)(pai)齒輥將(jiang)大塊(kuai)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)打(da)碎,防止(zhi)大塊(kuai)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)下(xia)落時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)備造成大的(de)沖擊,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)均(jun)(jun)勻;下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)布置(zhi)有冷(leng)(leng)(leng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管道(dao),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)持續吹(chui)入(ru),對(dui)(dui)高溫(wen)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)進行快速(su)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)。
回(hui)轉窯(yao)焚燒(shao)爐焚燒(shao)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)染控制系統:進入(ru)回(hui)轉窯(yao)焚燒(shao)爐的廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)經(jing)過(guo)燃燒(shao)后(hou)(hou)(hou),大部分可(ke)燃性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)被轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)氣(qi)(qi)態物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)從(cong)而實現廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)減(jian)容目的,這些氣(qi)(qi)態物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)往往含(han)有飛灰、飄(piao)塵等物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi),必須經(jing)過(guo)嚴格的后(hou)(hou)(hou)續(xu)處(chu)理才能安全排放至環(huan)境中。通(tong)常(chang)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)處(chu)理工藝(yi)流(liu)程為(wei)(wei):焚燒(shao)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)經(jing)急(ji)冷(leng)塔冷(leng)卻至180~200℃后(hou)(hou)(hou),進入(ru)循環(huan)流(liu)化(hua)床(chuang),噴入(ru)消石灰粉(fen)/石灰漿和活性(xing)炭,處(chu)理煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)中的酸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體和二(er)噁英類(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi),再利用(yong)布(bu)袋(dai)除(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)除(chu)(chu)去粉(fen)塵,隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)進入(ru)濕式洗滌(di)塔進一步去除(chu)(chu)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),洗滌(di)塔出口煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)溫度降至75℃左右,經(jing)再熱(re)器(qi)加熱(re)到120~140℃后(hou)(hou)(hou)由煙(yan)囪排入(ru)大氣(qi)(qi)。通(tong)常(chang)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)排放情況通(tong)過(guo)在煙(yan)囪上設(she)置煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)在線監測設(she)施進行檢測。
回轉(zhuan)窯焚(fen)燒爐(lu)實(shi)際(ji)設(she)計(ji)的過程中,應(ying)做(zuo)好傾斜度(du)、長度(du)以及轉(zhuan)速等(deng)各個方面的配(pei)合,同時,合理設(she)置(zhi)停留時間(jian),其中,最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)斜度(du)在1.5°左右,最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)停留時間(jian)在0.5~2h。針對二燃室(shi)進行(xing)設(she)計(ji)時,主要以高效燃盡為目標(biao),同時煙(yan)塵還應(ying)有序分(fen)離(li)。實(shi)際(ji)設(she)計(ji)時,應(ying)將(jiang)溫度(du)控(kong)制在1100℃左右,煙(yan)氣停滯時間(jian)不小于2s,滿足這一(yi)條(tiao)件的煙(yan)氣處理工作,能(neng)夠真正實(shi)現(xian)有害成分(fen)的去(qu)除(chu)。此外(wai),在適當位置(zhi)增設(she)煙(yan)氣緊(jin)急(ji)排放煙(yan)囪(cong),一(yi)旦設(she)備(bei)出(chu)現(xian)運行(xing)故障,應(ying)及時啟動緊(jin)急(ji)設(she)備(bei)。
危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物具(ju)有(you)(you)較強(qiang)的特殊性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)危(wei)害性(xing),受到(dao)各國的重點關注。焚燒(shao)(shao)法是當前危(wei)廢(fei)(fei)處置的主(zhu)流熱(re)處理技(ji)(ji)術(shu),原理是在高溫爐(lu)(lu)膛內使危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物中的有(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)害物質深度氧化(hua)、徹底分解,高效實現無(wu)害化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)減量化(hua)。焚燒(shao)(shao)法在國外已(yi)經有(you)(you)近(jin)30年的發展歷(li)史,技(ji)(ji)術(shu)成熟,應(ying)用廣(guang)泛(fan)。焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)型主(zhu)要有(you)(you):回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯(yao)焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)、流化(hua)床(chuang)焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)、熱(re)解爐(lu)(lu)、固(gu)定床(chuang)焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)、廢(fei)(fei)液噴射爐(lu)(lu)等(deng)。其(qi)中應(ying)用最廣(guang)泛(fan)的是回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯(yao)焚燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu),其(qi)優點是適應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang),可(ke)以用于處理除放射性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)爆(bao)炸性(xing)廢(fei)(fei)物之外的固(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)、液態(tai)(tai)(tai)、氣態(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)燃(ran)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物,還可(ke)以回(hui)(hui)收熱(re)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)重金屬(shu)等(deng)。
危險廢物處置回轉窯(yao)焚燒爐(lu)技術要(yao)求(qiu)和工藝流程:
回轉窯焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)技術要(yao)求(qiu):出口干煙氣氧氣量在(zai)0%~6%;燃燒(shao)(shao)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)≥99.9%;焚(fen)(fen)毀去除率(lv)(lv)≥99.99%,焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)殘(can)渣熱灼(zhuo)減率(lv)(lv)<5%;保持焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)處(chu)于負(fu)壓狀態,這能實現有害氣體的(de)全面控制;在(zai)適當(dang)位置(zhi)增設尾氣凈化系統(tong)和應(ying)急處(chu)理設備;合(he)理應(ying)用(yong)焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)制度,堅(jian)持實施輪班制,合(he)理規定(ding)倒班時間;規定(ding)焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)應(ying)用(yong)時間以及(ji)服務年限;嚴(yan)格遵(zun)循煙氣排(pai)放要(yao)求(qiu),規范排(pai)放行為。
危險廢物處(chu)置中回轉窯焚燒爐應(ying)用分析:
危險廢(fei)物(wu)實(shi)際處理的過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)回轉窯(yao)焚(fen)燒(shao)爐(lu)進(jin)行廢(fei)物(wu)燃燒(shao),人們主要根(gen)據上述工(gong)藝流程進(jin)行廢(fei)物(wu)分(fen)解和有效消(xiao)除。除了回轉窯(yao)焚(fen)燒(shao)系統(tong)工(gong)藝外,還應(ying)對余熱(re)利用(yong)系統(tong)和煙氣凈化系統(tong)具體分(fen)析,同(tong)時明確各項廢(fei)物(wu)控(kong)制指標,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)案例分(fen)析的方(fang)式探究焚(fen)燒(shao)處理工(gong)藝的有效應(ying)用(yong)。
回轉窯焚燒爐(lu)(lu)余熱利用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong):該系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)包括(kuo)給(gei)水泵、余熱鍋爐(lu)(lu)、軟化水設備、除(chu)氧(yang)器等,系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)最(zui)佳位置處于(yu)二燃(ran)室(shi)和(he)急冷(leng)塔之間,它主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來收集煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)量(liang)。由于(yu)所回收煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)溫度較高,通過熱交換,系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)產生大量(liang)的蒸汽,回收利用(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸汽有(you)諸多好處:能(neng)夠減(jian)少系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行期間的資金投入(ru);能(neng)夠降低(di)尾(wei)氣(qi)處理(li)難度;對排放煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)行加熱處理(li),給(gei)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)“脫白”,降低(di)設備腐蝕;滿足生產過程中蒸汽的需(xu)要(yao)。現如今(jin),膜式水冷(leng)壁(bi)結(jie)構鍋爐(lu)(lu)具(ju)有(you)良好的應用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果,這類鍋爐(lu)(lu)在市場上有(you)較高銷量(liang)。煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)輻射(she)換熱室(shi)后會降低(di)流(liu)動(dong)速度,并(bing)且煙(yan)(yan)塵(chen)中顆粒物會迅速沉降,這對煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)濃度減(jian)輕(qing)有(you)促進(jin)(jin)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),有(you)利于(yu)減(jian)輕(qing)管道磨損,提升除(chu)塵(chen)器工作效(xiao)率。煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)凈化系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)具(ju)體包括(kuo)急冷(leng)塔、干法(fa)脫酸、活(huo)性(xing)炭吸附(fu)、布(bu)袋(dai)除(chu)塵(chen)器、濕(shi)式洗滌塔、煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)加熱器。
回轉窯焚燒爐急冷塔在(zai)有害(hai)物質二嗯(ng)英(ying)處理中發揮了重(zhong)要作用,因為二嗯(ng)英(ying)形成(cheng)于低溫(wen)條件,只有在(zai)短時(shi)間(jian)破壞(huai)其形成(cheng)條件,才能(neng)有效(xiao)避免二嗯(ng)英(ying)的(de)形成(cheng)。急冷塔不僅能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)降(jiang)低溫(wen)度,還(huan)能(neng)有效(xiao)抑制揚(yang)塵,該(gai)裝置在(zai)控(kong)制回路的(de)引導下,能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)完成(cheng)水量(liang)的(de)有序調節。
回轉(zhuan)窯焚燒爐干法脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)主要通過增設石灰粉(fen)脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)反應塔(ta)完成石灰粉(fen)的大范圍(wei)吹(chui)送,它混合于(yu)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)氣體后(hou),能過對酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)氣體進行消除(chu)(chu)處理。處理工作結束后(hou),飛灰、石灰會一同進人布袋除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器,通過發生化學反應,實現石灰粉(fen)的高效利用。
回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)噴射反應(ying)器(qi)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)安裝(zhuang)于(yu)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管路,由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)比表面積較大(da)(da),即使所(suo)提(ti)供量(liang)(liang)(liang)過(guo)(guo)少(shao),只要(yao)(yao)接(jie)觸(chu)時(shi)間足夠(gou)(gou),同(tong)樣能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)達(da)(da)到(dao)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),起到(dao)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)凈化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。要(yao)(yao)想充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),務(wu)必妥(tuo)善安置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),結(jie)合(he)(he)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi),將(jiang)(jiang)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)接(jie)觸(chu),最終將(jiang)(jiang)二(er)嗯英(ying)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)。 回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)布袋(dai)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)均(jun)流(liu)管、卸灰裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、箱體(ti)(ti)、支架濾袋(dai)、灰斗、噴吹裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),它在(zai)(zai)煙塵(chen)清除(chu)方(fang)(fang)面發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)了重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)去除(chu)有(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),提(ti)高(gao)尾氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。優(you)選(xuan)適(shi)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布袋(dai)除(chu)塵(chen)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少(shao)各類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)含量(liang)(liang)(liang),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)操(cao)作(zuo)流(liu)程為(wei):煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)均(jun)流(liu)管進(jin)(jin)(jin)入,然后(hou)流(liu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)灰斗,受導流(liu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)影響(xiang),顆粒會有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離,細小顆粒會吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)于(yu)箱體(ti)(ti),最后(hou)經排(pai)(pai)風(feng)管排(pai)(pai)出。回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)經濕(shi)式洗(xi)滌塔(ta),其(qi)(qi)間,洗(xi)滌液和(he)(he)填充(chong)式洗(xi)滌塔(ta)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)消除(chu)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti),最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)目(mu)標。脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)設備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)多(duo)樣,優(you)選(xuan)脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備——濕(shi)式洗(xi)滌塔(ta),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)取(qu)得良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果。值得一(yi)提(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),所(suo)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填料(liao)應(ying)注意類(lei)型合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)高(gao)度適(shi)當(dang)(dang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),以(yi)壓損小、孔隙(xi)率大(da)(da)、吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果顯(xian)著、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)阻(zu)力(li)小等(deng)條(tiao)件為(wei)標準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行填料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze),以(yi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)洗(xi)滌塔(ta)操(cao)作(zuo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果。回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加熱器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸(zheng)汽提(ti)升煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度,這能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)低煙囪、引風(feng)機遭(zao)受腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率,減(jian)少(shao)白煙現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)發(fa)生次數。處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)達(da)(da)到(dao)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控制標準(zhun)。回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),它能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)、非(fei)完全燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)物(wu)(wu)、重金(jin)屬、煙塵(chen))、二(er)嗯英(ying)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),最終使煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)符(fu)合(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)標準(zhun),產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰渣達(da)(da)到(dao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目(mu)標。下而通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)具體(ti)(ti)案例分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong),處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)及處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結(jie)果具有(you)(you)(you)參考作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)法(fa)(fa)因(yin)為(wei)其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)產品而受到(dao)廣泛(fan)(fan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)減(jian)少(shao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)數量(liang)(liang)(liang),同(tong)時(shi)不會造成(cheng)二(er)次污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran),被認為(wei)是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)掌握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)心采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)辦法(fa)(fa)也是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),該技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)西方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)已經有(you)(you)(you)了長時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong),達(da)(da)到(dao)了相當(dang)(dang)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平,每年西方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)法(fa)(fa)對廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比率在(zai)(zai)60%以(yi)上。近幾年,危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)無害化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao),焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)法(fa)(fa)也會逐漸替代那些在(zai)(zai)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)產生二(er)次污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa),焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)法(fa)(fa)對廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例還會增加。目(mu)前(qian)(qian),國(guo)(guo)內外最常使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)一(yi)共分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型,分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)排(pai)(pai)焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)、爐(lu)(lu)(lu)床焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)、流(liu)化(hua)(hua)床焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)、回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。與其(qi)(qi)他幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)相比,回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行更(geng)加廣泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)強,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)同(tong)時(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)液態(tai)、固態(tai)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)(wu),對于(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬容性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也很高(gao)。正是(shi)基于(yu)以(yi)上兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特點,目(mu)前(qian)(qian)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)窯焚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)領(ling)域占(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)85%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)份額(e),是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設備。